Four Traditional Weir Techniques of Dujiangyan

字幕：“古往今來，人類創(chuàng)造了無數(shù)令人驚嘆的工程科技成果。古代工程科技創(chuàng)造的許多成果至今仍存在著，見證著人類文明編年史。”

“Throughout the ages,human beings have created countless amazing engineering achievements.Many achievements created by ancient engineering science and technology still exist today,witnessing the annals of human civilization.”

---習(xí)近平總書記在2014年6月國(guó)際科技大會(huì)上的主旨演講。

---President Xi Jinping's keynote speech at International Science and Technology Conference in June 2014

拜水都江堰

Dujiangyan,Holy Water

岷江遙從天際來，神功鑿破古離堆，奔騰于高山峽谷之隙的岷江之水，到達(dá)一座古堰的時(shí)候，狂野不羈突然收斂，它馴服了溫順了。

Minjiang River is distant from the sky,people magically cut through mountain to form Lidui,The roaring water of Minjiang River,running through the mountains and valleys,is restrained when it reached an ancient weir,It suddenly becomes tame and temperate.

都江堰——"世界文化遺產(chǎn)"“世界灌溉工程遺產(chǎn)"，讓世界讀了2200多年，是全世界迄今為止年代最久唯一留存，以無壩引水為特征的宏大水利工程。

Dujiangyan--"World Cultural Heritage"and"Heritage Irrigation Structures",has been read by the world for more than 2,200 years,and it is the oldest and only grand water conservancy project in the world,characterized by no-dam water diversion.

都江堰——“天府之源”，深刻影響了成都平原的民俗、文化、傳統(tǒng)等地域生態(tài)，深刻影響了成都平原的民俗、文化、傳統(tǒng)等地域生態(tài)，造成了城市鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)緯交錯(cuò)的人間伊甸園。

Dujiangyan,the source of“Land of Abundance",has deeply influenced the folk custom,culture,tradition and other regional ecology of Chengdu Plain,creating a garden of Eden integrating criss-cross cities and countrysides.

拜工都江堰

Dujiangyan,Brilliant Technique

每一位慕名而來的人都不免有個(gè)疑問，千年古堰憑什么能夠留存至今，答案其實(shí)就在眼前。衍生出代代相承的四大堰工技術(shù),竹籠榪槎羊圈干砌卵石,護(hù)佑著古堰歲歲平安。籠竹以石，護(hù)岸以堤，相傳竹籠由治水先圣李冰所創(chuàng)，一直是治堰技術(shù)的主流，以竹為筋，取其堅(jiān)韌，以石為體，取其沉重，承水壓、消水能，遇弱能抗、遇強(qiáng)則潰，即便當(dāng)代治堰的材質(zhì)，工藝發(fā)生變化，但其基本思路仍然一以貫之。

Every person who comes here can't help but have a question,Why can the thousand-year-old weir survive so far,The answer is actually here.These bamboo,wood,pebbles used by Sichuan people for materials,derived the four weir construction skills passed down from generation to generation,Bamboo cages,Macha,stone sheepfold and piled dry pebbles,protect and bless the ancient weir from year to year.People reinforce the bank with the dike made of bamboo cages,It’s said the bamboo cage created by Li Bing,has always been the mainstream of weir building technology,Take bamboo as the tendon to get its toughness,Take stone as the body to get its weight,It can bear water pressure and reduce water power,as well as resist the weak flow and become collapsed when the flow is strong,Even though the material process of contemporary weir building has changed,its basic idea remains the same.

榪槎極具代表性的傳統(tǒng)堰工構(gòu)件,六邊四面,穩(wěn)定可靠,拆除簡(jiǎn)便,循環(huán)利用。歷史上,榪槎截流技術(shù)主要用于內(nèi)外江進(jìn)水口和其他堰口的截流調(diào)水過程，它與竹籠和諧組合，為千年以降的都江堰歲修標(biāo)注了鮮明的技法符號(hào)。

Macha,a typical traditional weir component,with Six sides and four sides,featuring stability and reliability,easy removal and cyclic utilization.Historically,Macha intercepting technology is mainly used in,the intercepting and water transfer process at inner and outer river intakes and other weirs,The harmonious combination of Macha and bamboo cage,marks a distinctive technical symbol for the annual repair of Dujiangyan water conservancy for thousands of years.

羊圈,治水“三字經(jīng)”有云,砌魚嘴,安羊圈,古人形象的用卵石喻羊,把它們用木框圈在一起為堰務(wù)維修提供了抗擊洪水的質(zhì)量。它具有透水性、整體性好、體積較大和消能抗沖能力強(qiáng)的特征，多用于基礎(chǔ)防沖工程。干砌卵石，取材岷江河床中之鵝卵石，砌筑技術(shù)在傳承人的指導(dǎo)下優(yōu)化組合即可，幾乎無需其他輔材，

具有“化平凡為神奇”的功效。護(hù)岸、攔水埂、溢流壩、拱涵，全憑手工砌成,消壓透水、環(huán)保生態(tài)，足見歷代堰工的智慧和能力.

Stone Sheepfold,Water control"three-character classic"mentioned:build Yuzui water-dividing dike and lay stone sheepfold,The ancient people figuratively used pebbles as a metaphor for sheep,They enclosed the pebbles in wooden frames,providing flood resistant quality for weir maintenance.It has the characteristics of good integrity,good water permeability,large volume,water power reduction and water flow impact resistance,mainly used for foundation water flow impact resistance engineering.The piled dry pebbles adopt pebbles in the riverbed of Minjiang River,The building skills can be optimized and combined under the guidance of the inheritors,Almost no additional materials are needed,It has the effect of"turning the ordinary into the magical".Guardrail water barrier overflow dam arch culvert,They all made by hand,with the functions of anti-pressure,good water permeability and environmental protection,Showing the wisdom and talent of weir workers in the past.

四大傳統(tǒng)堰工技術(shù)頗符“水生木”之理,頗合“木克土土克水”之道。憑借生于自然的竹木卵石,就地取材,方便實(shí)用,易于掌握,因襲相承,年年歲歲修整古堰,成就了長(zhǎng)盛不衰的世界水利工程奇跡。

The four traditional weir techniques are in line with the principle of"water generates wood",and the way of"wood restricts earth and earth restricts water".By virtue of natural bamboos,wood and pebbles,the four techniques adopt local materials,which are convenient and practical,easy to master and inherit,Repairing the ancient weir year after year,has achieved the enduring miracle of water conservancy engineering in the world.

守護(hù)都江堰

Guarding Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project

東流不盡秦時(shí)水，潤(rùn)澤天府兩千年。堰功人物，代代相濟(jì)，與它共存共榮的都江堰四大傳統(tǒng)堰工技術(shù),其實(shí)也超脫了本來的物質(zhì)形態(tài),成為“活化石"般的非物質(zhì)文化現(xiàn)象。

The east flow water from the Qin Dynasty has nourished Tianfu for two thousand years.The people contribute to the project from generation to generation,In fact,the four traditional weir techniques of Dujiangyan,which co-exist and co-flourish with the project,have transcended the original material form and become an intangible cultural phenomenon like"living fossils".

【采訪】黃曉川堰工技術(shù)傳承人:“我們傳統(tǒng)的技工（堰工）越來越少,有的已經(jīng)80歲了,都江堰傳統(tǒng)的堰工技術(shù),除了竹籠以外其余三項(xiàng),其實(shí)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)處于面臨失傳的瀕危狀態(tài)。羊圈作為基礎(chǔ)，已經(jīng)被鋼筋混泥土以及樁基礎(chǔ)這些所取代，干砌卵石都是在上世紀(jì)90年代以前鋪裝的。”

Huang Xiaochuan,weir technology inheritor:”We have fewer and fewer traditional craftsmen(weir workers),Some are 80 years old,The other three traditional weir techniques in Dujiangyan,in addition to the bamboo cage,are now actually in danger of being lost.The stone sheepfold has been replaced as a foundation by reinforced concrete and pile foundations,The dry pebbles were all piled up and paved before the 1990s.”

歷史上四大堰工技術(shù)的運(yùn)用是都江堰歲修的傳統(tǒng)技法,隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,施工技術(shù)和工藝不斷創(chuàng)新,傳統(tǒng)堰工技術(shù)的應(yīng)用已漸行漸遠(yuǎn),難道存續(xù)了2200多年的傳統(tǒng)技法,會(huì)真的就將從此掩埋在歷史長(zhǎng)河之中？

The application of four weir techniques in history is the traditional technique of annual repair of Dujiangyan,With the development of social economy,construction technology and technology continue to innovate,and the application of traditional weir technology has gradually gone away,Can the traditional techniques that have lasted for more than 2,200 years,really be buried in the long river of history from now on?

光大都江堰

Carry Forward Dujiangyan

悠悠五千載華夏文明,肇興于水利,泱泱中華之大國(guó),繁盛于水利,讓四大傳統(tǒng)堰工技術(shù)“活起來、傳下去”，對(duì)保護(hù)傳承，發(fā)展利用中華民族治水科技成果

有著現(xiàn)實(shí)的指導(dǎo)意義。如今正成為四川省都江堰水利發(fā)展中心刻不容緩的行動(dòng),這是一個(gè)向璀璨歷史的致敬之舉。

Chinese civilization of five thousand years flourishes for water conservancy,The great country of China thrives for water conservancy,Making the four traditional weir techniques"live and pass on",has practical guiding significance for the protection,inheritance,development and utilization of the scientific and technological achievements of the Chinese nation in water control.Now it is becoming an urgent action of Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Development Center of Sichuan Province,It is a tribute to the splendid history.

【字幕：都發(fā)中心為四大堰工技術(shù)建立檔案】

Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Development Center establishes archive for the four traditional weir techniques

【字幕：都發(fā)中心將啟動(dòng)“都江堰國(guó)家文化遺產(chǎn)公園規(guī)劃”構(gòu)建都江堰水文化保護(hù)體系，以打造生態(tài)工程典范為目標(biāo)】

Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Development Center will launch Dujiangyan National Culural Heritage Park Plan to build Dujiangyan water culture protection system,aiming to create a model of ecological project

李冰后人不負(fù)先賢,光大都江堰水文化,從我做起責(zé)無旁貸。

Li Bing's descendants live up to his predecessors,Promoting Dujiangyan water culture,is our duty and resposibility.